The Vittoriale degli italiani

An all-encompassing work of art, a citadel celebrating the life and achievements of Gabriele D’Annunzio, its founder, as well as Italy’s history and heritage: this is the Vittoriale degli Italiani in Gardone Riviera. A 20th-century monumental complex, it includes buildings, gardens, water features, an open-air theater, a museum and even a warship embedded in the landscape of Lake Garda. Every corner of the Vittoriale was meticulously designed to reflect the taste and vision of its creator, making it a place of great charm and fascination that must be seen in person.

The Vittoriale degli Italiani was built starting in 1921, when writer Gabriele D’Annunzio moved to Gardone Riviera after his military campaigns in Fiume and World War I. Wishing to create a residence that was both a private retreat and a monument to his life and achievements, D’Annunzio purchased Villa Cargnacco, a pre-existing residence and transformed it into the heart of the Vittoriale.

Architect Gian Carlo Maroni, a native of Riva del Garda, was entrusted with the architectural project and collaborated closely with D’Annunzio for over 15 years. Together, they transformed the villa and its surrounding grounds into a monumental complex that embodied D’Annunzio’s grandeur and eclecticism. Construction continued for many years, with ongoing modifications and additions directed by D’Annunzio himself, who remained deeply involved in the project until his death in 1938.

The Vittoriale, a place of memory, is an example of symbolic and monumental architecture. Every building, garden and decoration is imbued with meaning, referencing historical, literary and personal elements from D’Annunzio’s life and works. The complex unfolds across multiple levels, following the terrain’s natural contours and incorporating spaces for public events and official ceremonies.

The Vittoriale degli Italiani is a diverse ensemble of spaces and structures, each with a specific function and symbolic significance. At the center of the complex lies the Priory, D’Annunzio’s private residence, furnished in a sumptuous style rich with symbolism. Every room of the Priory, from the most intimate to the grandest, reflects the poet’s personality and life, with furnishings rich in detail, art collections, books and personal objects showcasing D’Annunzio’s wide-ranging interests.

One of the Vittoriale’s most surprising elements is the Puglia Ship, a cruiser from the Italian Navy donated to D’Annunzio in 1923. It was placed in a commanding position, seemingly suspended on the hillside. The ship is now an integral part of the museum and serves as a symbol of D’Annunzio’s connection to his military experiences.

The Vittoriale’s open-air amphitheater, capable of seating up to 1,500 spectators, is another marvel of the complex. Modeled after ancient theaters, it offers breathtaking views of Lake Garda and is still used today for performances and concerts. Among the most anticipated events is the summer festival “Tener-a-mente,” which features internationally renowned artists.

The D’Annunzio Hero Museum showcases the poet’s military achievements, displaying uniforms, medals, weapons and other artifacts related to his wartime exploits. Meanwhile, the D’Annunzio Secret Museum houses personal items and curiosities, offering insights into the more private side of the poet’s life.

Finally, the Vittoriale’s gardens are a fundamental part of the complex. They were designed as a series of paths winding through terraces, fountains and statues, leading visitors through a carefully curated landscape of great beauty overlooking the lake and surrounding mountains.